Nepal is a country blessed with incredible biodiversity, ranging from the lowland Terai to the towering Himalayas. As a trekking guide and a nature enthusiast, I have always been fascinated by Nepal’s diverse wildlife, medicinal plants, and bird species. Nepal’s unique geographical features and varied climatic conditions have made it home to an astonishing range of flora and fauna, making it one of the most biodiverse countries in the world.
Flora: Nepal’s Green Wealth
Nepal is home to an estimated 6,973 species of flowering plants (angiosperms), along with 26 species of gymnosperms, 534 species of pteridophytes (ferns), and 1,150 species of bryophytes (mosses and liverworts). Additionally, there are 465 species of lichens, 1,822 species of fungi, and 1,001 species of algae found across the country.
Among these, Nepal has a vast collection of medicinal plants and herbs used in Ayurveda and traditional healing practices. Some of the most valuable medicinal plants include Yarsagumba (Cordyceps sinensis), Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Panchaule (Dactylorhiza hatagirea), and Chiraito (Swertia chirayita). These plants are highly sought after and have significant economic and medicinal value.
Fauna: Nepal’s Diverse Wildlife
Nepal is home to 208 species of mammals, 867 species of birds, 123 species of reptiles, 55 species of amphibians, and 230 species of fish. Additionally, there are 651 species of butterflies, 3,958 species of moths, and more than 5,000 species of beetles and other insects.
Among these, some of Nepal’s most iconic species include :
Snow Leopard : A rare and elusive big cat found in the high Himalayas.
Bengal Tiger : Found in the Terai’s dense forests, particularly in Chitwan and Bardia National Parks.
One-Horned Rhinoceros : A conservation success story, these rhinos have been saved from the brink of extinction in Nepal.
Red Panda : A shy, bamboo-eating mammal found in Nepal’s eastern Himalayan forests.
Clouded Leopard: Another rare and beautiful big cat, seen occasionally in Nepal’s mid-hill forests.
Birds of Nepal : A Paradise for Birdwatchers
With 867 recorded species of birds, Nepal is a paradise for bird lovers. The country is home to almost 9.3% of the world’s bird species. Among them, the Spiny Babbler (Turdoides nipalensis) is a bird found only in Nepal, making it a special attraction for ornithologists. Other notable birds include the Himalayan Monal (Nepal’s national bird), Blyth’s Kingfisher, and various species of vultures, eagles, and parakeets.
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Conservation Efforts in Nepal
Organizations like WWF Nepal, the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC), and the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) have been working tirelessly to protect Nepal’s biodiversity.
Efforts include:
- Anti-poaching campaigns to protect endangered species like the tiger and rhino.
- Habitat conservation projects to maintain ecosystems in national parks and conservation areas.
- Community-based conservation programs that involve local people in protecting forests and wildlife.
A Call for Sustainable Tourism and Conservation
As a trekking guide and nature enthusiast, I believe that Nepal’s biodiversity is not just a source of natural beauty but also a valuable resource that must be preserved. Sustainable tourism can play a huge role in conservation, ensuring that the beauty of Nepal’s flora and fauna remains intact for future generations. By promoting eco-friendly trekking, responsible travel, and awareness about Nepal’s rich biodiversity, we can all contribute to protecting this natural heritage.
Nepal is truly a biodiversity hotspot, and it is our responsibility to cherish and safeguard it. Whether you are a trekker, a birdwatcher, or a nature lover, Nepal has something unique to offer. Let’s work together to keep Nepal green, diverse, and full of life!
Article Credit
Pari Adhikari
Nepal Expert Professional Trekking Guide
Email : Pariadhikari4200@gmail.com , nepalexpertguide@gmail.com
Whatsapp : +9779860090466 / +9779821181862
Picture Credit- Rajan Chaudhary, Nature Guide, Bardiya
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