The Rai community, an integral part of the Kirati people, holds a significant place in the history and culture of Nepal. Renowned for their bravery and integrity, the Rais have earned recognition as the Gurkha army in the Indian and British Armies. Traditionally, they inhabited the region stretching from the lower reaches of Dudh Koshi to the Arun River, known as Khambuan or Majh Kirat. This area encompasses districts such as Solukhumbu, Sangkhwasava, Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Bhojpur, and Udayapur, situated at an altitude of 3,000 to 6,000 meters above sea level.
Although the exact migration routes of the Rai people remain uncertain, historical accounts suggest that they migrated from Tibet and some from regions within the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. Gradually, they settled in the eastern part of Nepal. Today, the Rai community consists of more than 32 castes and boasts over 28 different dialects still in use within their communities.
Traditional Rai houses are simple yet beautiful two-story buildings made of mud and bricks, akin to other typical village houses in Nepal. Agriculture has been a primary occupation for the Rais, involving the cultivation of maize, millet, wheat, rice, and mustard seeds. Their staple foods include dal, bhat (rice), tihun, khole, and dhindo. The Rai people are known for their expertise in cooking pork and have honed the art of making millet beer (jaad) and rakshi (spirit) over generations.
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Rai culture shines through its unique traditions and distinct cuisines. Their traditional costumes vary with women donning Chaubandi Cholo (blouse or top) and Fariya (saree) with Patuki on their waist, while men wear Daura Surwal with an ashcoat and Patuki on their waist, often accompanied by a Khukuri. Rai women adorn themselves with ornaments like Muga Mala, Reji Haari mala, Chaadi ko Kangan, Authi, Naakma Phuli ra Jhamke Bulaki, and Dhungri.
Nature holds a sacred place in Rai culture, considered their god. They religiously practice Bhumi puja (earth praying) or henkama and pay homage to their ancestors' souls through rituals held twice a year during Udhauli and Ubhauli. During these occasions, they offer Hen neat, Rakshi, Acheeta (grains), Ginger, and more to their ancestors, seeking their blessings.
The Rai people possess a rich heritage, and it is essential for them to unite and preserve their cultural legacy by promoting their rituals and traditions. As outsiders, we should also be aware of and appreciate the fascinating culture and customs of the Rai community.
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