Nepal's Living Heritage: The Endearing Newari Culture

28, Jul 2023 | nepaltraveller.com

The essence of Newari traditions and their deep-rooted reverence for all living beings is a humbling experience that leaves an indelible mark on the hearts of those who encounter it

Nepal is a land of immense cultural and natural diversity, with a rich tapestry of traditions woven together by approximately 125 ethnic groups and over 123 languages. It is often hailed as a multi-religious, multi-cultural, and multi-linguistic country, showcasing the harmonious coexistence of various communities. Among these diverse cultures, the Newari culture stands out as one of the most unique and captivating.

The Newars, an ethnic community with a rich heritage of customs and traditions, constitute nearly 50% of the population in the Kathmandu Valley. Their presence is prominent in the districts of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan and extends to places like Palpa, Butwal, and Bandipur. The Newars have played a pivotal role in shaping the rich history, arts, architecture, culture, and commerce of Nepal.

The name "Newar," which means "Inhabitant of Nepal," is believed to have originated from a colloquial form called Prakrit. It was first found in a famous inscription dating back to 1654.

The roots of Newari history trace back to both India and Tibet, with the majority of Newars migrating into the Kathmandu Valley from these regions. They are a blend of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan-Burman ethnicities, each preserving their original languages and cultures. Over time, these diverse groups came together to form a new social structure in Nepal, leaving a profound impact on its history.

In ancient times, before the Gorkha Kingdom's rule, the Kathmandu Valley was exclusively ruled by Newari kings. As a result, the rise of the Nepal Mandala and the development of the Newari caste are deeply interconnected. However, with the formation of the Modern State of Nepal, the Newars gradually saw a decline in their political power and influence, though their culture and traditions have endured through the ages. Today, Newari communities are dispersed throughout the country, adding their distinct touch to various regions.

The Newars have their own language known as "Nepal Bhasa," which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family but bears the influence of Indo-Aryan languages such as Sanskrit and Maithili.

Traditionally involved in agriculture due to the fertile lands of the Kathmandu Valley, the Newars have also expanded their horizons over time and earned a reputation as skilled businessmen. They dominate the industrial and service sectors, contributing significantly to Nepal's economic landscape.

Religiously, the Newars follow both Hinduism and Buddhism. Indo-Aryans within the community predominantly practice Hinduism, while Tibetan-Burmans are more inclined toward Buddhism. Both religions are revered and respected equally, reflecting the spirit of harmony and acceptance within the Newari culture.

The Kumari, a revered tradition in Nepal's Newar community, is a living goddess representing divine feminine energy. Selected through a rigorous process, young girls embody the Kumari until they reach puberty. Adorned in elaborate attire, the Kumari blesses devotees during religious festivals, making her an integral part of Newar culture.

Newari culture is characterized by unique rituals and customs observed from birth to death. Festivals, marriage ceremonies, and funerals are all celebrated in a distinctive Newari manner, showcasing their rich cultural heritage. For instance, the pre-teenage girls' marriage ritual, called "Bel Bibaha," involves marrying a fruit (bel) to symbolize fertility and prosperity.

The Newars celebrate several major festivals throughout the year, each adding to the vibrant cultural landscape of Nepal. "Mha Puja" is a unique celebration observed during the Tihar festival, dedicated exclusively to the Newars. Apart from the well-known crow, cow, and bhai (brother( pujas, the Newars also have "Mha Puja," a ritual in which they worship and honor themselves, ensuring self-renewal and purification.

The "Indra Jatra" festival, celebrated in September, spans eight days and is characterized by processions where a chariot carrying the living goddess Kumari is pulled through the streets. Masked dancers perform traditional dances accompanied by cultural music and the sounds of traditional instruments, making the festivities truly mesmerizing.

Another significant festival, "Gai Jatra," held between September and October, pays homage to cows and serves as a means of consoling those who have lost loved ones. The Newars create paper cutouts of cows and dance joyfully in the streets during this festival.

Newari cuisine is another captivating aspect of their culture, renowned for its diverse and flavorful dishes. Tourists from around the world are drawn to taste the delectable Newari food during their visit to Nepal. Signature dishes include "Yomari," a unique dumpling with a sweet filling, and "Bara," a lentil flour pancake that is not only delicious but also nutritious. "Kwati," a delightful soup made from five different kinds of beans, and "Samay Baji," a festive platter featuring fried fish, boiled eggs, bara, spicy meat, and beans, are other favorites. The Newars are also known for their savory snack called "Haku Choila," which can be made with either buffalo or chicken meat and is typically served with beaten rice.

The warmth and hospitality of the Newari people have earned them admiration and respect both within Nepal and beyond. Preserving their cultural heritage for over a millennium, the Newars serve as a testament to the richness of Nepal's cultural diversity.

To experience the vibrant festivals, mouthwatering dishes, and unique lifestyles of Nepal, thousands of tourists flock to the country each year. Everyone should visit this enchanting land at least once and relish the opportunity to immerse oneself in the Newari culture, whether through a homestay in Patan, Bhaktapur, or Kathmandu. The essence of Newari traditions and their deep-rooted reverence for all living beings is a humbling experience that leaves an indelible mark on the hearts of those who encounter it.

photo credit: Nepal Live TodayHighlights TourismYoair Blog - Discovering the World's Mosaics.kimkim

 


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