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The Himalayan Monal is a National treasure of Nepal and India as they hold a place of honor as the national bird of Nepal and the state bird of Uttarakhand, India. Moreover, they have many names such as Impeyan Monal and Danphe in Nepali. Likewise, The scientific name for it is Lophophorus impejanus. They are dazzling birds that reigns supreme in the high reaches of the Himalayas.
Appearance
The Himalayan Monal are known for their dramatic differences in appearance between males and females. The male Danphe have breathtaking sight, with shimmering feathers in a variety of colors, including metallic greens, blues, and reds. The feathers of females are more quiet, with brown and white markings for better camouflage.
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Habitat
The Himalayan Monal can be perfectly adapted to its high-altitude life. They dwell in the alpine, subalpine, and coniferous forests of the Himalayan region.They are found in elevation between 2,100 and 4,500 meters (6,900 to 14,800 feet). These birds are resourceful and adjust their habitat seasonally.
Diet
The Himalayan Monals are on the larger side for pheasants. Males can grow up to 70 cm (28 inches) long and weigh up to 2.4 kg (84 oz), while females are slightly smaller. Himalayan Monals can also dig up to 25cm in the ground while looking for food. They have strong claws and beaks that help them dig deep while foraging for their food.
Moreover, They are omnivorous as they enjoy a varied diet of insects, roots, seeds, and even small invertebrates. Their strong beaks and claws make them excellent diggers, allowing them to unearth tasty treats hidden under the soil.
Breeding and Nesting
The breeding season of the Himalayan Monal generally occurs from April to August. During this time, males perform elaborate displays to attract females. Likewise, they follow a polygynous system, where one male mates with multiple females. Thankfully, these magnificent birds are currently listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List. However, habitat loss and hunting are potential threats that need to be monitored.
Furthermore, females lay 3 to 5 eggs in nests built on the ground which are kept typically hidden under bushes or among rocks for protection. Those eggs incubate for about 27 days and the males Danphe's stand guard during the egg incubation period.
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Lifespan
In the wild, Himalayan Monals can live up to 10 to 12 years, though their lifespan can be longer in captivity with proper care. These birds are protected in various areas of Nepal such as Rara National Park, Sagarmatha National Park and many more. The main threats to the species arise from hunting and trapping for local consumption especially during winter, when the bird descends to lower altitudes, closer to human habitations. According to the government of Nepal, the world population of it is unknown, but the population of Nepal is estimated to be between 3500 and 5000.
In conclusion, the Himalayan Monal stands as a national treasure in Nepal and India, symbolizing the rich biodiversity of the Himalayan region. The Monal is a bird of extraordinary beauty and ecological significance.
Photo credit: Shutterstock, Raj Kumar, ePhotocorp
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