The one-horned rhinoceros, also known as the Rhinoceros unicorns, is the species of rhinoceros found in Nepal's lowland Terai regions, particularly in Chitwan National Park and Bardia National Park. This species is characterized by its single horn and large size, with adults typically weighing between 1,800 and 2,700 kilograms (4,000 to 6,000 pounds).
One-horned rhinoceroses are herbivores, primarily feeding on grasses, leaves, and other vegetation. Their diet is mostly composed of grasses found in their natural habitat, such as riverine grasslands and floodplains. Their skin is thick and heavily folded, resembling armor. These folds help to dissipate heat and provide protection from the elements and from potential threats such as insects and parasites.
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One-horned rhinoceroses are well-adapted to their habitat, which includes marshes, swamps, and riverine grasslands. They are excellent swimmers and often wallow in water or mud to cool off and protect their skin from parasites.
Conservation efforts for this species in Nepal have focused on protecting its habitat, preventing poaching, and managing human-wildlife conflicts. Chitwan National Park and Bardia National Park are renowned for their success in conserving a significant population of one-horned rhinoceroses, contributing to the species' overall conservation status.
The Chitwan National park has a significant population of these rhinos. They include conservation measures, anti-poaching efforts, and habitat preservation, stabilizing their numbers. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984, the park also has remarkable protection on Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, sloth bear, and over 500 bird species. Visitors to the park can engage in a variety of activities, such as jungle safaris, elephant rides, jeep safaris, canoeing, birdwatching, and guided nature walks, offering opportunities to observe wildlife in its natural habitat.
Similarly, Bardia National Park is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including the iconic Bengal tiger, one-horned rhinoceros, Asian elephant, swamp deer, and over 250 bird species. It serves as a habitat for a population of endangered animals, although the numbers are fewer compared to Chitwan.Additionally, cultural experiences are available, allowing visitors to interact with local Tharu communities and learn about their traditional way of life. Visitors to Bardia National Park can enjoy a range of activities, including jungle safaris, elephant rides, jeep safaris, birdwatching excursions, and nature walks, offering unique opportunities to explore the park's pristine landscapes and encounter its diverse wildlife.
Despite conservation efforts, the one-horned rhinoceros remains listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to ongoing threats such as habitat loss and illegal poaching for their horns.
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The one-horned rhinoceros is an iconic species in Nepal, and efforts to conserve them are essential for maintaining the biodiversity and ecological balance of the Terai region.
photo credit: Bernd Dittrich Martijn Vonk, the chitwan jungle guides, tourism, ktm guide
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